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Abstract

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Abstract

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Abstract

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is one of the cruel diseases that could either take the life away or disable person for life at any time without warning. Primarily, women were believed to have less risk in exposing to some modifiable risk factors such as alcohol, tobacco and high lipid food consumption.2 McCrae and Costa believed that preferred coping strategies depend on certain personality traits. According to Costa and McCrae while coping is not necessary a direct expression of personality, it is certainly influenced by personality traits. Other researchers have suggested that coping behaviour itself may be viewed as a trait. Despite such extremely controversial positions, it has to be recognized that both stability and change are present within the coping process. 3 Aims: The aim of the study was to assess personality pattern of coronary heart disease patients and the coping strategies during stressful situations using Cattell’s 16 Personality Factor and Coping brief scale.

Objectives of the study:

1. To determine the personality profile and coping strategies among patients who are diagnosed to have coronary artery disease by using Cattell’s 16 personality Factor and Coping brief scale.

2. To determine the personality profile and coping strategies among non-patients group Catter’s 16 personality Factor and Coping brief scale.

3. To compare the difference in the personality profile and coping strategies among coronary heart disease patients and non-patients groups.

Method:

A descriptive comparative study consisting of 25 coronary heart disease patients and 25 non patients group selected by using purposive sampling technique was conducted in a multispecialty teaching hospital.

Results:

Majority (80%) of sample in the non-patient group were in 56-65 years and patients (36%) were in the age group of 46-55 years. The least percentage in the patients (12%) were in the age group of above 66 years. Majority of patients (60%) and non-patients (56%) were males. Highest percentage of subjects in the patient (40%) and non-patient group (36%) were Muslims. Highest percentage of patients (44%) and majority of non-patients (52%) were single. The highest percentage of the subjects had high school education (44%) and non-patients had primary education (40%). Highest percentages of the subjects (36%) were govt employee and non-patients (44%) were skilled and semiskilled workers. Majority of subjects (60%) were vegetarians and non-patients (84%) were non vegetarians. Highest percentage of subjects in the patients (48%) and non-patients (56%) were smoking. The highest percentage of the subjects in the patients (44%) and non-patients (52%) were performing regular excises/walking. The highest percentages of patients (52%) were having family history of cardiovascular disease. The highest percentage (40%) had<6month duration of illness. Majority of subjects (56%) were hospitalized with in the previous 6 months. Majority of patients (64%) had undergone medical treatment. The mean score of coping strategy using coping brief scale show that non-patients (97.32±2.135) was greater than patients (78.12±4.497).The mean score of personality profile using Cattell’s 16 personality Factor show that non-patients (588.72±15.931) was greater than patients (587.6±42.571). The data also depicts the range of score in patients was higher (154) where as in non-patients it was less (66).

Interpretation and conclusion:

Findings of the study showed that there was no significant difference in the personality profile scores (t=0.123, p<0.05) between coronary heart disease patients and non-patients group and also showed that there was a significant difference in the coping strategies (t= 19.295, p<0.05) between coronary heart disease patients and non-patient group.

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Abstract

Background:

Patient safety has become an essential part of the health care and issue of concern worldwide and a lot of work has been done in many countries on issues relating to it. Implementing a safety culture assessment involves the commitment of staff time and resources. Safety culture assessments are new tools in the patient safety improvement arsenal. These tools can be used to measure organizational conditions that lead to adverse events and patient harm, and for developing and evaluating safety improvement interventions in healthcare organizations. They provide a metric by which the implicit shared understandings about ''the way we do things around here'' can be made visible and available as input for change as well.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to assess the current patient safety culture among health-care providers at hospitals using a Hospital Survey for Patient Safety Culture, in which experts delineated a number of safety culture dimensions that a hospital can measure using a culture assessment tool developed for the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

Objectives of the Study:

1. To measure the patient safety culture among medical staff using Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire (HSOPSC)

2. To measure the patient safety culture among nursing staff using Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire (HSOPSC)

3. To measure the patient safety culture among paramedical staff using Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture Questionnaire (HSOPSC)

4. To compare the differences on patient safety culture among various hospital staff

Method:

A descriptive study consisting of 90 hospital staff including doctors, nurses and paramedical staff selected by using purposive sampling technique was conducted in a multispecialty teaching hospital. Hospital Survey on Patient Safety's PSC dimensions was used to assess the patient safety culture.

Results:

The study showed that majority (55.6%) of hospital staff was in the age group of 20-29 years. Most of them (71.2%) were males. The most represented work area were medical unit (16.6%) followed by laboratory (15.5%), surgical unit (14.4%), mixed medical surgical unit (13.3%),Intensive Care Units(10%), dialysis(8.88%), radiology (8.88%),emergency department (8%),operation theatre(3.33%) and anesthesiology (1.11%).Majority of subjects (30%) reported that they had 1 to 5 years of work experience in the relevant unit. Highest positive response on measurement of patient safety culture by medical staff was in the dimension of Staffing (85.2%), which indicated that there was no shortage of medical staff in the hospital and least reported was handoffs and transition (54%), which showed high chances of ineffective handoffs that can contribute to failures in patient safety including medication errors, wrong-site surgery and patient deaths. Highest positive response on measurement of patient safety culture by nursing staff was in the dimension of Team work within the units (87.15%), which signified the importance of team work contributing to patient safety and least reported response was Staffing (60.3%), which indicated that there is a severe shortage of nursing staff in the hospital. Highest positive response of on measurement of patient safety culture by paramedical staff was in the dimension of Organizational learning - Continuous improvement (86.6%), which might be due to learning from the adverse events that takes place in the hospital by analyzing and taking measures to prevent repetition of same adverse events and least reported response was Handoffs and transition (57.3%), which showed high chances of ineffective handoffs that can contribute to failures in patient safety.

Interpretation and Conclusion:

Findings of the study showed that there was a significant difference between perceptions of safety culture among doctors, nurses and paramedical in three dimensions like Supervisor/manager expectation and actions promoting patient safety, Feedback and communication about error and Communication openness.

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Background: COPD is currently the fifth-leading cause of global mortality and a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. By the year 2020, COPD is expected to become the third-most-common cause of death in the world and the fifth-leading cause of disease burden. As with all chronic diseases, non-adherence in patients with COPD is common and contributes to adverse health outcomes, reduced quality of life and increased healthcare expenditures. The evidence base for adherence to therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is very thin. The limited data available suggest that, as in other chronic diseases, adherence is often poor, and this has a negative influence on outcomes. Objectives: To measure the adherence level of COPD patients to respiratory drug therapy. To find out the association of adherence of COPD patients with selected demographic variables. Method: The study design was descriptive survey design. The purposive sampling technique was used to draw 50 patients as samples. Data was collected by administering the medication adherence rating scale to assess the adherence. Results: The result shows that majority 40 (80%) of patients are non adherent to the respiratory drug therapy and only 10 (20%) of patients are adherent to the drug therapy. there is no association between the adherence to respiratory therapy and the selected demographic variables like age, sex, education, diagnosed to have COPD since, habits and significant association between the occupation (χ²=18.889,p<0.05) and the adherence level of COPD patients to respiratory drug therapy.

Interpretation and conclusion: The findings of the study showed that majority of patients are non adherent to respiratory drug therapy.

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Background: Coronary heart disease is now the leading cause of mortality worldwide and accounts for the death of 3.8 million men and 3.4 million women each year. In developing countries, coronary artery diseases have been recognized as a major public health problem. The lack of knowledge regarding personal risk of CHD may impact decision-making regarding risk prevention, and this impact may be heightened among socio demographic groups under-educated on the risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Objectives: To determine the knowledge of patient regarding coronary artery disease. To find out the relationship between knowledge level and selected demographic variables.

Method: The study design was descriptive survey design. The purposive sampling technique was used to draw 75 patients as samples. Data was collected by administering the CAD questionnaire to assess the knowledge.

Results: The result shows that there was significant relationship between knowledge level and age group, occupation, and education with odds ratio [95% confidence interval], age group between 25-35 years have OR 1.632 (0.208 ,1.934), age group of 36-45 years OR 1.325 (0.352 , 4.989) (verses age group of 46-55 years)and Pre university OR 1.442 (0.423,4.91) Diploma OR 1.02 (0.287,3.489), Private employee OR 1.513 (0.136, 1.939), Govt.employee OR 1.418(0.083, 2.114). But there was no significant relationship between knowledge level and religion, any related diseases and when was diagnosed to have CAD.

Interpretation and conclusion: The findings of the study showed that patients have moderate level of knowledge regarding CAD.

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Background:

The advanced era of technological development in child healthcare has resulted in more paediatric procedures being performed in various settings. Millions of children undergo surgery every year which is a stressful event. Many non pharmacological strategies are being used to manage the preoperative fear and anxiety in children. The current study aims to assess the effectiveness of multimodal preoperative preparation program (MPPP) on children undergoing surgery in terms of its effect on the psycho physiological parameters. Methods: A quasi experimental study was conducted in a selected multi speciality hospital. Using the purposive sampling technique, a total of 110 children aged 8-12 years were assigned to non intervention (n = 55) and intervention (n = 55) groups respectively. The MPPP was administered to intervention group. The children in the non intervention group received the routine preoperative care. Child’s fear and anxiety was assessed on admission, prior to shifting the child to OT, 24 hours and 48 hours after surgery where as child’s pulse, respiration, blood pressure, oxygen saturation was assessed on admission, prior to shifting the child to OT, 6 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours and 48 hours after surgery and pain was assessed at 24 and 48 hours after surgery. Significant Findings of the Study: Mean fear and anxiety scores of children were significantly lower in intervention group than that of non intervention group (p<0.05). Among the physiological parameters, only pulse, respiration and blood pressure showed significant difference (p<0.05) between the groups, whereas oxygen saturation and pain scores did not differ significantly (p>0.05). The study also found that there is a significant association between the psycho physiological parameters of children with the selected demographic variables (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between the psychological and physiological parameters of children undergoing surgery. Conclusion: The MPPP is effective on psycho physiological parameters of children undergoing surgery in terms of decreasing the fear and anxiety, stabilizing the physiological parameters of children and can be used in preparing school aged children for surgery and can be practised in the clinical setup.

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